In a recent study of people with a history of colon polyps, people who ate the highest amount of processed meats -- such as salami, bologna, or pressed ham -- had a 75 percent increased risk of developing new polyps during the study follow-up period. However, the people who ate the most chicken had a 39 percent lower risk of developing a new polyp.

Processed meats are high in nitrites, which may promote the growth of colon cancer. Nitrites are preservatives in processed meats. Early research suggests they may increase the risk of not only colon cancer, but also breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. When eaten without the skin, whole chicken breast provides a healthier alternative to processed meats. Fresh, whole chicken breast is typically nitrite-free. It also is high in protein and low in saturated fat. In addition to limiting processed meat and red meat, other ways to reduce your risk of colon cancer include exercising regularly, undergoing routine screenings as recommended by your healthcare provider, and eating a high-fiber diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.