Current Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease
Although no cure for AD exists, a number of medications may help delay symptom progression. Medication also may temporarily help boost cognitive function and improve a person's ability to perform daily activities. The two main classes of AD medications are cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists.
Cholinesterase inhibitors help prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and thinking. These medications are generally prescribed for mild-to-moderate cases of AD. Examples include donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and tacrine. Side effects associated with this class of medication may include upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, change in appetite, sleep disturbance, muscle weakness, and weight loss. These medications also may increase the risk of stomach irritation and ulcers.
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists help regulate glutamate, a neurotransmitter necessary for learning and memory. Currently, the only FDA-approved NMDA for treating AD is called memantine, which is used to treat moderate-to-severe cases of the disease. Side effects of this medication may include headache, dizziness, vomiting, cough, back pain, confusion, constipation, and sleepiness.
As more information about the biology of AD becomes available, researchers may develop innovative treatments to prevent the disease or minimize symptoms. Currently, several new therapies are under investigation.
