Chocolate: A Heart-Smart Treat? -- References
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References
Chocolate and prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Ding, E. L., Nutrition & Metabolism 2006 Jan 3;3(1):2.
Cocoa, flavanols and cardiovascular risk. Hollenberg, N. et al., British Journal of Cardiology 2004;11(5):379-386.
Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Grassi et al., Hypertension 2005 Aug;46(2):398-405.
Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol. Allen, R. R. et al., Journal of Nutrition 2008 Apr;138(4):725-731.
Dark chocolate inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Innes, A. J., et al., Platelets 2003 Aug;14(5):325-327.
Diet and migraine. Leira, R. et al., Revista de Neurolgia 1996 May;24(129):534-538.
Dietary exchange of an olive oil and sunflower oil blend for extra virgin olive oil decreases the estimate cardiovascular risk and LDL and apolipoprotein all concentrations in postmenopausal women. Rodenas, S. et al., Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2005 Oct;24(5):361-369.
Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. Vlachopoulos, C. et al., American Journal of Hypertension 2005 Jun;18(6):785-791.
Effects of cocoa powder and dark chocolate on LDL oxidative susceptibility and prostaglandin concentrations in humans. Wan, Y. et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001 Nov;74(5):596-602.
Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Kris-Etherton, P. M., Keen, C. L., Current Opinion in Lipidology 2002 Feb;13(1):41-49.
Facts about dark chocolate. University of Michigan Integrated Medicine Clinical Services.
Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. Engler, M. B. et al., Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2004 Jun;23(3):197-204.
Food and headache attacks. A comparison of patients with migraine and tension-type headache. Savi, L. et al, Panminerva medica, 2002 Mar;44(1):27-31.
Heart-health benefits of chocolate unveiled. Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute.
High-monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Kris-Etherton, P. M. et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition December 1999;70(6):1009-1015.
Lead contamination in cocoa and cocoa products: isotopic evidence of global contamination. Rankin, C. W. et al. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005 Oct;113(10):1344-1348.
Prevalence and severity of the premenstrual syndrome. Effects of foods and beverages that are sweet or high in sugar content. Rossignol, A. M. et al., Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 1991 Feb;36(2):131-136.
Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. Grassi, D. et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005 Mar;81(3):611-614.
