Exercise Therapy for Depression
Exercise acts as a mood elevator for both depressed and nondepressed individuals. Evidence suggests that exercise may be as effective as antidepressant medication in reducing depression. In one study, the combination of exercise and psychotherapy was found to be more effective in alleviating depression than psychotherapy alone. Exercise may prevent recurrent depressive episodes in people with a history of depression. Moreover, scientific evidence suggests regular exercise may prevent depressive episodes in people with no prior history of mood disturbance. Aerobic (e.g., walking, running, or bike riding) and anaerobic (e.g., weight training and stretching) exercises are equally effective for enhancing mood.
Both biological and psychological mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the effect of exercise on mood:
- Physical activity stimulates the release of endorphins: hormones that reduce pain and promote a general sense of well-being. Additionally, exercise increases blood flow to key areas of the brain.
- Psychological benefits of exercise may include increased self-esteem, discharge of hostility, increased feelings of skill mastery, and distraction from daily worries and negative thoughts. Physical activity provides an opportunity for social interaction and support. Exercisers often achieve a sense of accomplishment by making a commitment to a self-improvement program.
However, individuals who exercise in excess (overtrain) may develop chronic fatigue, notice a decrease in performance, or become bored with their physical activity program. These potential side effects may increase depressed feelings.
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