Sleep Disorder Basics -- What the Causes Are

Sleep disorders can stem from a variety of stressors and physical and mental conditions. Acute sleep problems generally last less than 3 weeks and go away on their own. However, chronic sleep problems last longer than 3 weeks and typically require treatment.

Common causes of acute sleep problems include the following:

• Stress (job loss, the end of a relationship, moving, etc.)
• Jet lag
• Food allergies
• Stimulant use, such as caffeine and nicotine
• Alcohol consumption
• Exposure to noise, light, or extreme temperatures that interfere with sleep
• Napping for long periods or late in the day
• Minor illnesses, such as a cold or the flu; acute pain, such as a toothache
• Worries about work, school, finances, or family issues

Common causes of chronic sleep problems include:

• Medical conditions, such as chronic pain, arthritis, asthma, heartburn, obesity, head injury, neurological disease, or cancer
• Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety
• Mental arousal, such as having a racing mind or being overly concerned about not sleeping
• Schedule changes, such as working the nightshift
• Other sleep problems (e.g., sleep apnea can lead to insomnia)
• Genetics (some sleep disorders may run in families)